Actor-Network Theory
by Moses Aaron B. Inere
Overview
This theory argues that a system is an assemblage of actors influencing one another. In landscape architecture, the landscape is treated as the embodiment of the dynamic actor-network, thus necessitating a continuous innovation of the existing actor-network which is then translated into the landscape.
Background
Actor-Network Theory (ANT) was initially developed to describe innovation in the sociology of science and technology. Its proponents (Bruno Latour, Michel Callon, and John Law) articulated that it is a method to describe how complex connections are being constructed for a certain purpose. ANT concentrates on interpreting networks or associations of identified actors. As a result, an extensive list of actors shaping the system is scrutinized. In this theory, humans and non-humans (actors) are considered as agents in a system (Herrington, 2017), or as simplified by Tietjen (2013), an actor is anything that has influence (agency) on other actors and the system. Thus, the focus of this theory is on the effect of formed network relations of actors. These interactions are dynamic, as a result, the system is constantly subjected to transformation and innovation.
Framework
Problem Identification
Actor-Network Identification
Innovated Actor Network
Translation
Problematization
Interessement
Enrolment
Mobilization of Allies
Application in LA
This approach proffers an alternative and relational analysis of a context. It posits the value of understanding the complex relations of actors that form the landscape. It also offers a comprehensive way of deconstructing the landscape to inform the creation of an innovative one. ANT and Translations is a great tool to prompt the formulation of design problems and stimulate creative experimentation in the design process. It is also noteworthy to mention how this approach emphasizes place-specific developments that are attuned to the inherent networks of a region. Again, this is made possible by studying how the relationship between physical structures and natural and socio-cultural processes affects the landscape.
Considering the weak planning system of our country fueled by the government’s lack of support and implementation of planning policies, the devouring attitude of businessmen towards development, and the increasing burden laid on ordinary citizens, the application of this theory might work well in balancing the natural, socio-cultural, economical and even political processes forming our present system. The application of this theory may also lead to several risks such as overlooking factors that are inherent to the system due to its focus on development possibilities and compromising some connections because of the exhibited productive relationships between actors and the intervention. All in all, ANT and Translations offer a unique approach in examining network-relations to inform developments that are attuned to the inherent qualities of a region. This theory is a great tool in interweaving these factors into a harmonious assemblage of influences, interactions, and processes.
Moses Aaron B. Inere
Moses is currently enrolled in the landscape architecture program of UP Diliman. His interests in experiential design and urbanism motivated him to pursue this discipline. He spends most of his time surfing the web or reading books, but the latter often gives way. Outside his studies, Moses loves contemplating by the river near his house and watching World Chase Tag videos.
References
Anne Tietjen, “Translations – Experiments in Landscape Design Education,” Nordic Design Research Conference 2013, Copenhagen-Malmo, accessed 11 November 2020, www.nordes.org.
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Complications,” special issue of the Danish philosophy journal, accessed 11 November 2020, www.bruno-latour.fr/sites/default/files/P-67%20ACTOR-NETWORK.pdf, 7
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Herrington, S., 2017. Landscape Theory In Design. Routledge, pp.229-230